PSI - Issue 42

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Md Niamul Islam et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 42 (2022) 785–792 Md Niamul Islam et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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4. Conclusions The dynamic-fracture behaviour of the solid AM nylon polymer-matrix composite reinforced with unidirectional continuous carbon fibres was investigated under ballistic impact. • The tensile tests revealed a brittle fracture failure, with the tensile stiffness (13.5 GPa) and strength (145 MPa) significantly higher compared to its counterpart reinforced with short carbon fibres (1.97 GPa and 53.8 MPa) thanks to the continuous fibre reinforcement; however, this also reduced the elongation at break (1.5%) for the structure. • The level of compressive stiffness was also significantly higher (2.60 GPa), but the composite sample yielded, and plastic deformation was observed at higher strain unlike the brittle shear failure of SF composite samples. The continuous carbon-fibre samples fractured with increasing deformation, reducing the overall strength of the composite structure. • The ballistic experiments were carried out on 2 mm-thick plates with a 9 mm steel spherical projectile at 105 – 120 m s -1 , resulting in complete perforation of the material, with a circular hole at the front and delaminated layers at the back. Still, the damaged areas on both sides were slightly smaller than those of the SF composite thanks to higher stiffness and better cohesion of extruded filaments. • The experimental boundary conditions were replicated in numerical simulations using the FEA in Abaqus with linear elastic laminate constants for material properties, Hashin damage VUMAT for impact failure, and cohesive-surface modelling of delamination failure. A comparison of the damaged areas between the experiment and the numerical model showed a good agreement. Hence, the parameters could be adjusted in the future to replicate the test results and validate them for more complex cases of fibre orientation. References Arefin, A. M. E., Khatri, N. R., Kulkarni, N., Egan, P. F., 2021. Polymer 3D printing review: Materials, process, and design strategies for medical applications. Polymers 13, 1499. ASTM 638-14, 2006. Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics. ASTM International, 1–15. ASTM D695-15, 2010. Standard test method for compressive properties of rigid plastics. ASTM International, 1–8. Blok, L. G., Longana, M. L., Yu, H., Woods, B. K. S., 2018. An investigation into 3D printing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites. Additive Manufacturing 22, 176–186. Caminero, M. A., Chacón, J. M., García-Moreno, I., Rodríguez, G. P., 2018. Impact damage resistance of 3D printed continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling. Composites Part B: Engineering 148, 93–103. Chacón, J. M., Caminero, M. A., Núñez, P. J., García-Plaza, E., García-Moreno, I., Reverte, J. M., 2019. Additive manufacturing of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties. Composites Science and Technology 181, 107688. Gu, G. X., Takaffoli, M., Hsieh, A. J., Buehler, M. J., 2016. Biomimetic additive manufactured polymer composites for improved impact resistance. Extreme Mechanics Letters 9, 317–323. Islam, M. N., Baxevanakis, K. P., Silberschmidt, V. V., 2021. Dynamic fracture behaviour of additively manufactured polymers and composites under ballistic impact. Procedia Structural Integrity 37, 217–224. Kao, Y. T., Amin, A. R., Payne, N., Wang, J., Tai, B. L., 2018. Low-velocity impact response of 3D-printed lattice structure with foam reinforcement. Composite Structures 192, 93–100. Ko, K., Jin, S., Lee, S. E., Hong, J. W., 2020. Impact resistance of nacre-like composites diversely patterned by 3D printing. Composite Structures 238, 111951. Lay, M., Thajudin, N. L. N., Hamid, Z. A. A., Rusli, A., Abdullah, M. K., Shuib, R. K., 2019. Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of PLA, ABS and nylon 6 fabricated using fused deposition modeling and injection molding. Composites Part B: Engineering 176, 107341. Markforged. 2021. Material Datasheet - Composites. 1–2. Peng, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, K., Gao, G., Ahzi, S., 2019. Synergistic reinforcement of polyamide-based composites by combination of short and continuous carbon fibers via fused filament fabrication. Composite Structures 207, 232–239. Wang, P., Zou, B., Xiao, H., Ding, S., Huang, C., 2019. Effects of printing parameters of fused deposition modeling on mechanical properties, surface quality, and microstructure of PEEK. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 271, 62–74. Zotti, A., Zuppolini, S., Tábi, T., Grasso, M., Ren, G., Borriello, A., Zarrelli, M., 2018. Effects of 1D and 2D nanofillers in basalt/poly(lactic acid) composites for additive manufacturing. Composites Part B: Engineering 153, 364–375.