PSI - Issue 42

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ŝƌĞĐƚ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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Procedia Structural Integrity 42 (2022) 1098–1105

23 European Conference on Fracture - ECF23 Non-pneumatic tire designs suitable for fused filament fabrication: an overview Manuel Sardinha a *, Luís Reis a , T. Ramos b , M. Fátima Vaz a

a IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal. b CEG- IST, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal.

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 23 European Conference on Fracture – ECF23 Abstract The inherent structural properties of traditional Pneumatic Tires (PT) are the result of a complex production process that causes easy puncturing and the need for frequent air pressure maintenance. Besides trying to deal with these issues, Non-Pneumatic Tires (NPTs) could potentially have interesting performance advantages. Research has been showing that functional design by geometric manipulation of NPTs is a fruitful path to pursue. As an example, when compared with PTs, the ground pressure of NPTs is relatively small, therefore reducing energy losses, and improving tire efficiency. A typical NPT has an annular type of conception. Some of its structural components can consist of a hub, flexible spokes, and an outer shear ring. Contrary to PTs, which damping and stiffness behavior are deeply related to the air pressure inside, in NPTs, this behavior is linked to the geometrical structure of its spokes and shear ring. Tireless wheel concepts are already present in commercial solutions, even so, researchers and engineers are still debating issues such as how to address trapped debris within the spokes, what is the best way to evenly distribute weight and consistently transmit loads, or how to predict the collapse of NPTs. Considering this, endeavors are related to a search for optimal functional designs, most often very complex and feasibly demanding. The geometrical design freedom offered by additive manufacturing technologies highlights their adequacy to produce such complex geometries. This research is focused on reviewing how authors have been addressing the mechanical design of NPTs. In the end, a qualitative analysis of the suitability of such designs to be additively manufactured by fused filament fabrication is made. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of 23 European Conference on Fracture - ECF23 Keywords: Additive Manufacturing; Tireless wheel; Tyres; cellular structures. E

* Corresponding author. Tel.: 00351918554133 E-mail address: manuel.r.sardinha@tecnico.ulisboa.pt; luis.g.reis@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of 23 European Conference on Fracture - ECF23

2452-3216 © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 23 European Conference on Fracture – ECF23 10.1016/j.prostr.2022.12.140